菜鸟教程：面向对象
https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-class.html

一. 回合制对战游戏

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● ①、回合制对战游戏

 ○回合制对战游戏
 ●创建角色：名字、性别、血量、装备  ●战斗
 ●创建房间：                          ●装备-防弹衣
 ●角色可加入房间                      ●血量默认100
 ●房间内的人可互打                    ●正常被攻击-10滴血
 ●房间上限2人                        ●有防弹衣-5滴血
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class Role():
    def __init__(self,name,sex,blood=100,body_armor=None):
        self.name = name
        self.sex = sex
        self.blood = blood
        self.body_armor = body_armor
        self.room = None
    def attack(self,other):
        if self.room == other.room:	# 注：同一房间
            if self != other:		# 注：不同的人
                if self.blood > 0 and other.blood > 0:
                    reduce_blood = 5 if other.body_armor else 10
				# 注：body_armor为假 返回10(没有设置防弹衣)
                    other.blood -= reduce_blood
                    print(f"{self.name}攻击{other.name} {reduce_blood}点血量\t{self.name}当前血量：{self.blood}\t{other.name}当前血量：{other.blood}")
                else:
                    print("其中一方已死亡，不能攻击")
                    exit()
            else:
                print("你不能攻击自己")
        else:
            print("攻击对象，不在同一个房间")
class Room():
    def __init__(self,name):
        self.member = []
        self.name = name
    def join(self,role):
        if role.room == None:
	# 注：在角色的类里定义的属性room
            if len(self.member) < 2:
                self.member.append(role)
		# 注：member房间的属性，房间只能加2个人 所以<2
                role.room = self.name
		# 注：达到条件，定义角色加入到 某个房间
            else:
                print("此房间已满")
        else:
            print("此角色已经加入房间了")

role_dict = {}  # 存放初始化实例	# 注：存放名字和对象的关系
room_dict = {}  # 存放初始化实例
while True:
    print("请选择：1.创建角色\t2.创建房间\t3.加入房间\t4.开始战斗\t5.退出")
    enter_number = input("请输入你的选择\t")
    if enter_number.isdigit():
        enter_number = int(enter_number)
        if 1 <= enter_number <=5:
            if enter_number == 1:
                name, sex = input("请输入角色的姓名与性别，空格隔开\n").split()
		#注：split()是为了 分割 将字符 赋给2个变量
                role_dict[name] = Role(name, sex)
                def_blood = input("输入自定义血量\n")
                if def_blood.isdigit():
                    role_dict[name].blood = int(def_blood)
                    print(f"自定义成功，用户{name}当前血量{role_dict[name].blood}")
                else:
                    print(f"自定义失败，用户{name}当前血量{role_dict[name].blood}")
                wear_body_armor = input("输入y装备防弹衣\n")
                if wear_body_armor == "y":
                    role_dict[name].body_armor = 1
            elif enter_number == 2:
                name = input("请输入房间的名字\n")
                room_dict[name] = Room(name)
		# 注：创建好的对象(实例化对象) 保存在字典里
            elif enter_number == 3:
                print(f"当前角色有{role_dict.keys()}，当前房间有{room_dict.keys()}")
                role_name, room_name = input("请输入要加入的角色和房间名，空格隔开\n").split()
		# 注：这里可以做1个判断 (考虑到各种情况)
                room_dict[room_name].join(role_dict[role_name])
		# 注：从字典 取出房间对象，调用房间对象的join()方法
            elif enter_number == 4:
                print(f"当前房间有{room_dict.keys()}")
                room_name = input("请输入房间的名字\n")	# 注：选择房间
                if len(room_dict[room_name].member) == 2:
		# 注：len()==2 这是保证房间里有2个人  才能对打
                    while True:
                        room_dict[room_name].member[0].attack(room_dict[room_name].member[1])
                        room_dict[room_name].member[1].attack(room_dict[room_name].member[0])
			# 注：通过字典获取房间实例对象，member是房间的属性
			# 注：为什么房间实例能获取到创建角色类的对象？因为选项3 是角色类属性 加入 房间member属性，保证了这一步能调用成功实例化对象
                else:
                    print(f"房间{room_name}人数不足2人，对战失败！")
                    continue
            elif enter_number == 5:
                print("退出对战")
                break
        else:
            print("输入错误，请输入1-5选择操作！")
    else:
        print("输入错误，请输入1-5选择操作！")

二. 模拟ATM

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● ②、模拟ATM

○模拟ATM
●1、创建ATM
    ○ATM里的总金额
    ○ATM可向里面加钱
    ○ATM里的钱取出来

●2、创建账户去取钱
    ○账户属性   名称、余额、密码
    ○账户要选择1台ATM进行操作
    ○可以取钱、存钱、查询余额
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class Atm():
    def __init__(self,name,atm_total):
        self.name = name
        self.atm_total = atm_total
    def add(self,money):
        self.atm_total += money
        print(f"机器{self.name}增加金额{money}元，{self.name}当前总金额为{self.atm_total}元")
    def decrease(self,money):
        if self.atm_total < money:
            print(f"{self.name}余额不足，取钱失败")
        else:
            self.atm_total -= money
            print(f"机器{self.name}取出金额{money}元，{self.name}当前总金额为{self.atm_total}元")
class Account():
    def __init__(self,name,balance,passwd):
        self.name = name
        self.balance = balance
        self.passwd = passwd
    def draw(self,atm,money):
        if money <= self.balance:
            if money <= atm.atm_total:
                self.balance -= money
                atm.atm_total -= money
                print(f"成功取款{money}元，{self.name}当前余额为{self.balance}元")
            else:
                print(f"ATM机 {atm.name}余额不足，取款失败！")
        else:
            print("您输入的金额大于您的账户余额，取款失败！")
    def save(self,atm,money):
        self.balance += money
        atm.atm_total += money
        print(f"成功存款{money}元，{self.name}当前余额为{self.balance}元")
    def look(self):
        print(f"{self.name}当前余额为{self.balance}元")

# 管理员操作
def atm_os():
    # 管理员登录验证
    name, paaswd = input("请输入管理员账号和密码，空格隔开\n").split()
    if (name, paaswd) in admin_dict.items():
        pass
    else:
        print("管理员账号出错")
        return
    while True:
        print("请选择：1.创建ATM\t2.ATM加钱\t3.ATM取钱\t4.返回上一级")
        enter_number = input("请输入你的选择\t")
        if enter_number.isdigit():
            enter_number = int(enter_number)
            if 1 <= enter_number <= 4:
                # 1、创建ATM
                if enter_number == 1:
                    name, atm_total = input("请输入ATM名称，总金额，空格隔开\n").split()
                    atm_total = int(atm_total)
                    atm_dict[name] = Atm(name,atm_total)
                    print(f"创建ATM机 {name}成功，{name}当前总金额{atm_total}元")
                # 2、ATM加钱
                elif enter_number == 2:
                    print(f"当前存在的ATM机器：{atm_dict.keys()}")
                    atm_name = input("请输入ATM名称\n")
                    if atm_name in atm_dict.keys():
                        money = int(input("请输入金额\n"))
                        atm_dict[atm_name].add(money)
                    else:
                        print(f"{atm_name}不存在")
                # 3、ATM取钱
                elif enter_number == 3:
                    print(f"当前存在的ATM机器：{atm_dict.keys()}")
                    atm_name = input("请输入ATM名称\n")
                    if atm_name in atm_dict.keys():
                        money = int(input("请输入金额\n"))
                        if money > 0:
                            atm_dict[atm_name].decrease(money)
                        else:
                            print("取出的金额不能为负")
                    else:
                        print(f"{atm_name}不存在")
                elif enter_number == 4:
                    print("退出ATM操作")
                    break
            else:
                print("输入错误，请输入1-4选择操作")
# 账户操作
def account_os():
    while True:
        print("请选择：1.创建账户\t2.取钱\t3.存钱\t4.查询余额\t5.返回上一级")
        enter_number = input("请输入你的选择\t")
        if enter_number.isdigit():
            enter_number = int(enter_number)
            if 1 <= enter_number <= 5:
                # 1、创建账户
                if enter_number == 1:
                    name, balance, passwd = input("请输入账户名称、余额和密码进行创建，空格分割\n").split()
                    balance = int(balance)
                    account_dict[name] = Account(name,balance,passwd)
                    account_passwd[name] = passwd
                    print(f"创建用户 {name}成功，余额为{balance}")
                elif enter_number == 2 or enter_number == 3 or enter_number == 4:
                    print(f"当前的ATM机有{atm_dict.keys()}")
                    atm, name, passwd = input("请输入您选择的ATM机、您的账户名称和密码进行登陆，空格分割\n").split()
                    # 验证ATM是否存在
                    if atm in atm_dict.keys():
                        # 验证账户
                        if (name, passwd) in account_passwd.items():
                            atm = atm_dict[atm]
                            # 2、取钱
                            if enter_number == 2:
                                money = int(input("请输入取款金额\n"))
                                account_dict[name].draw(atm, money)
                            # 3、存钱
                            elif enter_number == 3:
                                money = int(input("请输入存款金额\n"))
                                account_dict[name].save(atm, money)
                            # 4、查询余额
                            elif enter_number == 4:
                                account_dict[name].look()
                        else:
                            print("账户错误")
                    else:
                        print(f"{atm}不存在")
                elif enter_number == 5:
                    print("退出账户操作")
                    break
            else:
                print("输入错误，请输入1-5选择操作")

admin_dict = {"admin":"123456"} # 管理员信息
account_passwd = {} # 账户信息
atm_dict = {}       # 存放初始化实例
account_dict = {}   # 存放初始化实例
while True:
    print("请选择：1.ATM操作\t2.账户操作\t3.退出")
    enter_number = input("请输入你的选择\t")
    if enter_number.isdigit():
        enter_number = int(enter_number)
        if 1 <= enter_number <= 3:
            # 1、ATM操作
            if enter_number == 1:
                atm_os()
            # 2、账户操作
            elif enter_number == 2:
                account_os()
            else:
                print("退出操作！")
                exit()
        else:
            print("输入错误，请输入1-3选择操作")
    else:
        print("输入错误，请输入1-3选择操作")

三. Linux用户管理类

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● ③、Linux用户管理类

 Linux用户管理类
 ●基类：实现往linux系统里添加用户
 ●子类A：
   ○能够查看、修改uid和gid、shell等信息   ●子类C(A,B)：
 ●子类B：                                  ○1.可以单独新建组
   ○1.能删除用户                           ○2.可以将某个用户的gid修改为新建的组的gid
   ○2.能删除组                             ○3.加入异常机制，异常的名字需要自己定义
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import subprocess
class Base():
    def add(self,name,passwd):
        subprocess.Popen(f'useradd {name} -p {passwd}&>/dev/null && echo "{name}创建成功" ||echo "创建失败"', shell=True)

class A(Base):
    def look(self,name):
        p = subprocess.Popen(f'cut -d ":" -f 1,3,4,7 /etc/passwd|grep -E ^{name}:', shell=True)
    def modify(self,name,uid,gid,shell):
        p = subprocess.Popen(f'usermod -u {uid} -g {gid} -s {shell} {name}&>/dev/null && echo "修改成功" ||echo "修改失败"', shell=True)

class B(Base):
    def del_user(self,name):
        p = subprocess.Popen(f'userdel -r {name}&>/dev/null && echo "删除成功" ||echo "创建失败"', shell=True)
    def del_group(self,name):
        p = subprocess.Popen(f'groupdel {name}&>/dev/null && echo "删除成功" ||echo "删除失败"', shell=True)

class C(A,B):
    group_member = []
    def group_add(self,gid,name):
        p = subprocess.Popen(f'groupadd -g {gid} {name}&>/dev/null && echo "创建成功" ||echo "创建失败"', shell=True)
        C.group_member.append(gid)
    def gid_modify(self,gid,name):
        if gid in C.group_member:
            p = subprocess.Popen(f'usermod -g {gid} {name}&>/dev/null && echo "修改成功" ||echo "修改失败"', shell=True)
        else:
            print(f"修改失败，{gid}不是新建的组id")

class DefinedError(Exception):
    def __str__(self):
        return "这是自定义异常"

while True:
    print('''请选择：
1.添加用户\t2.查看uid、gid和shell信息\t3.修改uid、gid和shell信息
4.删除用户\t5.删除组\t6.新建组\t7.修改用户gid\t8.触发异常\t9.退出''')
    enter_number = input("请输入你的选择\t")
    if enter_number.isdigit():
        enter_number = int(enter_number)
        if 1 <= enter_number <= 9:
            if enter_number == 1:
                sample = Base()
                name, passwd = input("请输入用户名和密码，空格分割\n(2个参数)\t").split()
                sample.add(name, passwd)
            elif enter_number == 2:
                sample = A()
                name = input("请输入用户名\n")
                sample.look(name)
            elif enter_number == 3:
                sample = A()
                name,uid,gid,shell = input("请输入用户名，修改后的uid、gid和shell，空格分割\n(4个参数)\t").split()
                sample.modify(name,uid,gid,shell)
            elif enter_number == 4:
                sample = B()
                name = input("请输入用户名\n")
                sample.del_user(name)
            elif enter_number == 5:
                sample = B()
                name = input("请输入组名\n")
                sample.del_group(name)
            elif enter_number == 6:
                sample = C()
                name, gid = input("请输入组名、指定的gid，空格分割\n(2个参数)\t").split()
                sample.group_add(gid,name)
            elif enter_number == 7:
                sample = C()
                name, gid = input("请输入用户名、gid\n(2个参数)\t").split()
                sample.gid_modify(gid,name)
            elif enter_number == 8:
                raise DefinedError
            elif enter_number == 9:
                print("退出系统")
                exit()
        else:
            print("输入错误，请输入1-5选择操作！")
    else:
        print("输入错误，请输入1-5选择操作！")